EFSA Scientific Conclusion on E171
- Lithopone B311 powder, a versatile and widely utilized material in various industries, is a blend of zinc sulfide and barium sulfate. This unique compound offers exceptional properties that make it an indispensable component for manufacturers and suppliers worldwide. As a key player in the chemical industry, understanding the significance of Lithopone B311 powder and its supply dynamics is crucial.
Cosmetics
Residue of mash (wm)
- China, as the world's largest producer of titanium dioxide (TiO2), plays a pivotal role in the global pigment market. The R996 grade of titanium dioxide, specifically, has gained significant recognition for its exceptional quality and wide applications.
- The first step in titanium dioxide gravimetric analysis is preparing the sample for analysis. This involves dissolving the sample in a suitable solvent and then adding a precipitating agent that will cause the titanium dioxide to form a solid precipitate. Once the precipitate has formed, it is then filtered and washed to remove any impurities.
Lithopone - Lithopone, a white pigment commonly used in the production of paint, ink, and plastics, is available from a variety of suppliers worldwide. One such supplier offering lithopone with a purity of 28%-30% is known for providing high-quality products at competitive prices.
- The rutile structure of our TiO2 powder is renowned for its exceptional optical properties and high refractive index, making it indispensable in applications where concealment or enhancement of other colors is desired. It is these characteristics that transform our TiO2 into an essential component within the broader industry.
Fig. 8. Selected images of skin stratus treated with P25TiO2NPs 10% (left) and VitaminB2@P25TiO2NPs 10% (right) under light, showing no penetration of the nanoparticles (white arrows) beyond the outer stratum corneum.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a naturally occurring mineral that is mined from the earth, processed and refined, and added to a variety of foods, as well as other consumer products. White in color, it is used to enhance the color and sheen of certain foods and is also key for food safety applications. In its natural state it exists in different bulk crystalline forms, such as anatase and rutile, but during processing it is ground into a very fine powder.
Safety
Although the evidence for general toxic effects was not conclusive, on the basis of the new data and strengthened methods our scientists could not rule out a concern for genotoxicity and consequently they could not establish a safe level for daily intake of TiO2 as a food additive.
The main food categories contributing to dietary exposure of E171 are fine bakery wares, soups, broths and sauces (for infants, toddlers and adolescents); and soups, broths, sauces, salads and savoury based sandwich spreads (for children, adults and the elderly). Processed nuts are also a main contributing food category for adults and the elderly.
The brands of lithopone of the normal class, that of chemical manufacture, are marketed under such names as Ponolith, Beckton White, Jersey Lily White, Oleum White, Zinc Sulphide White, all of these being of domestic manufacture, and their composition is of the 30 per cent. zinc sulphide type. The German manufacturers and exporters of lithopone make use of fancy names for their brands and here are a few examples of these and the composition of the pigment:-
In the context of titanium dioxide determination, the process generally begins with the sample preparation, where a known mass of the sample containing TiO2 is dissolved or digested appropriately. The subsequent steps involve adding a precipitating agent, such as ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid, to the prepared solution, which facilitates the formation of a titanium precipitate. This precipitate is often titanium hydroxide, which is not only insoluble but can be easily filtered out from the liquid phase.

