Air side face The oil seal surface vertical to the center line of the shaft on the side that does not come in contact with substances to be sealed is called the back face.
Standard 3760/3761
In recent research, MWCNTs and carbon black were mixed with the butadiene/natural rubber to form a hybrid composite which gives very strong filler links by partial replacement of carbon black based on the m1:m2:X (m1—MWCNT; m2—reduction amount of carbon black; X-varies from 1 to 6) [40,64]. An internal blending mixer and two-roll milling were used to formulate the composites. The synergistic effect plays a major role in improving the abrasion resistance property due to the partial replacement of carbon black by adding MWCNTs in different ratios. The optimal ratio value of MWCNTs is 5 (parts per hundred of rubber) and 27.5 (parts per hundred of rubber) for carbon black with better resistant to abrasion compared to the matrix material [64]. The vulcanized hybrid composite material reinforced with MWCNT/carbon black at the ratio of 1:1 shows better mechanical properties, curing characteristics, and thermal conductivity. This shows a better tyre thread with an improved endurance life, less curing time, and improved thermal conductivity [42,64]. Fig. 4.4 shows the SEM and TEM images of uncured and cured rubber and Figs. 4.5 and 4.6 show the application of rubber nanocomposites in a tyre application.

Another common cause of black spark plugs is engine oil leakage. If oil is leaking into the combustion chamber, it can cause the spark plugs to become fouled with a black, sooty residue. This can lead to misfires and engine hesitation, as well as increased fuel consumption. It is important to address any oil leaks promptly and replace the spark plugs if necessary.
These cassette seals are widely used in wheel-end applications, such as the axles of agricultural machinery or off-road trucks.
Regular inspection and maintenance of spark plug wires and spark plugs are essential to identify signs of wear, damage, or deterioration. Proper replacement of worn or fouled spark plug wires and spark plugs is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and reliability of the ignition system. Adhering to recommended service intervals and using high-quality replacement components are essential for optimizing the performance and longevity of the vehicle's ignition system.
Shaft Stop Installation
Oil seals keep contaminants separate from the lubricants that keep rotating shafts and precision bearings in good working order. Oil seals are also known as rotary shaft seals, lip seals, and shaft seals.

The metal used in the outer case of oil seals is usually made of carbon steel. Upon request, and depending on quantities, a different type of steel (such as stainless steel) can be used.

