Polymer - Second, the present invention provides a large-scale industrial production process with low production cost, high efficiency, energy saving, and stable product quality with an annual production capacity of several hundred thousand tons. Selective leaching of zinc by ammonia method, combined with ammonium persulfate iron removal, vulcanization method and zinc powder replacement method to remove heavy metal elements such as nickel, copper, lead, cadmium and arsenic, and metathesis reaction to obtain nZnS-B a S0 4 crystal filter cake. The nano-Lide powder product is obtained by directly drying and pulverizing without high-temperature calcination. The resulting product is of good quality and industrially operable.
Molecular weight: 412.23

Method of producing improved lithopone

Oil absorption, g/ 100g
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≤0.3
The successful completion of 2022. Looking at the development of Titanium Dioxide market in this year, from the perspective of price, according to the monitoring of bulk commodity data, the price of titanium dioxide will fall in 2022. The average price of domestic titanium dioxide at the beginning of the year was 20733.33 yuan/ton, and the average price at the end of the year was 15933.33 yuan/ton. The price fell by 23.15% during the year.
2. Market analysis
Product quotation
From the perspective of market development in 2022, prices in the first half of the year are basically in a stable stage, with little fluctuation, and prices in the second half of the year are in a rapid decline stage. In November, Longqi sent a letter to raise the price to stabilize the price. At this time, the price of titanium dioxide began to stabilize and stop falling.
In the first quarter, export orders performed well, and the market confidence of titanium dioxide enterprises was good. Before the year, domestic downstream manufacturers mainly hoarded goods moderately before the year. The market rose twice, with a cumulative increase of 1.77% from January to March. The ex factory quotation of domestic rutile titanium dioxide including tax is mostly 20000-22000 yuan/ton; The ex factory quotation of anatase titanium dioxide including tax is between 18000-19500 yuan/ton. After the year, the domestic raw material sulfuric ACID price continued to rise, the enterprise cost was under pressure, and the support was strong. The titanium dioxide market confidence was fair, and the price continued to rise.
In the second quarter, the logistics management and control and the domestic market turnover were light. Affected by logistics control and other factors, transportation is relatively difficult, market supply is shrinking, traders are unstable, and the market price declines with the focus on digesting their own inventory. The cumulative decline from April to June was 3.08%. The ex factory quotation of domestic rutile titanium dioxide including tax is between 19100-22000 yuan/ton; The ex factory quotation of anatase titanium dioxide including tax is between 17800-19000 yuan/ton. The spot market of titanium ore continued to decline, the price of sulfuric acid also continued to decline, and the cost support was weak. At the same time, the performance of the downstream terminal real estate market is poor. Under the superposition of multiple negative factors, the titanium dioxide market fell.
In the third quarter, Longqi guided the price reduction and the titanium dioxide market fell sharply. 7-9 The cumulative decline was 19.85%. The ex factory quotation of domestic rutile titanium dioxide including tax is mostly between 15500-17000 yuan/ton; The quotation of anatase titanium dioxide is between 14500-15500 yuan/ton. Due to the limited power supply and other factors, the titanium dioxide enterprises in southwest China have reduced their production. The market price of raw sulfuric acid fell rapidly, and the cost support was weak. In addition, the domestic titanium dioxide market demand continues to be sluggish, and the manufacturer's inventory pressure is still large.
In the fourth quarter, Dragon Enterprise sent a letter in November to promote stability. The cumulative decline was 2.55% from October 12. The titanium dioxide market is about to enter the off-season, and the demand market for coatings is tepid, especially in the northern market. In November, the group announced that the price would rise, and the prices offered by various manufacturers were flexible, so it was more meaningful to stop the decline. Most domestic rutile titanium dioxide prices are between 15000-17500 yuan/ton; The quotation of anatase titanium dioxide is about 14000-14500 yuan/ton. The price of titanium concentrate in Panxi increased. More than 20 domestic titanium dioxide enterprises sent letters to announce the increase, and the international giants Chemurs and Tronox announced the reduction of titanium dioxide production in the fourth quarter, which also benefited the domestic titanium dioxide market and stabilized the market on the whole.
4.3 g/Cm3

Lithopone in plastics and masterbatch
One of the primary advantages of lithopone is its excellent thermal stability. It performs well under high-temperature conditions, which is essential for paints that will be exposed to extreme weather. Lithopone’s resistance to UV radiation helps maintain the brightness and color integrity of paints, making it a preferred choice for outdoor applications. As a result, many suppliers are focusing on providing lithopone that meets the specific needs of manufacturers in the architectural, automotive, and industrial paint sectors.
Scattering Efficiency
Historical references
How pure TiO2 is extracted from titanium-containing molecules depends on the composition of the original mineral ores or feedstock. Two methods are used to manufacture pure TiO2: a sulphate process and a chloride process.

As mentioned above, these oxide NPs are harmful in part because both anatase and rutile forms are semiconductors and produce ROS. Particularly, P25 kind has band-gap energies estimated of 3.2 and 3.0 eV, equivalent to radiation wavelengths of approximately 388 and 414 nm, respectively. Irradiation at these wavelengths or below produces a separation of charge, resulting in a hole in the valence band and a free electron in the conduction band, due to the electron movement from the valence to conduction bands. These hole–electron pairs generate ROS when they interact with H2O or O2 [43,44]. It was described that they can cause an increase in ROS levels after exposure to UV-visible light [45]. The NBT assay in the studied samples showed that bare P25TiO2NPs produce a large amount of ROS, which is drastically reduced by functionalization with vitamin B2 (Fig. 5). This vitamin, also known as riboflavin, was discovered in 1872 as a yellow fluorescent pigment, [46] but its function as an essential vitamin for humans was established more than sixty years later, and its antioxidant capacity was not studied until the end of the XX century [47,48]. This antioxidant role in cells is partially explained because the glutathione reductase enzyme (GR) requires it for good functionality. This enzyme is the one in charge of the conversion of oxidized glutathione to its reduced form which acts as a powerful inner antioxidant and can quench the ROS [49,50]. The cost of this action is that the glutathione is converted to the oxidized form and needs to be recovered by the GR. Consequently, the cells need more vitamin B2. Another glutathione action is the protection against hydroperoxide. This activity is also mediated by riboflavin. Therefore, local delivery of this vitamin seems to significantly help the cells in their fight to keep the oxidative balance, once they are exposed to high levels of ROS.


Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a multifunctional semiconductor that exists in three crystalline forms: anatase, rutile, and brookite. Owing to an appropriate combination of physical and chemical properties, environmental compatibility, and low production cost, polycrystalline TiO2 has found a large variety of applications and is considered to be a promising material for future technologies. One of the most distinctive physical properties of this material is its high photocatalytic activity (Nam et al., 2019); however, more recently it has attracted growing interest because of its resistive switching abilities (Yang et al., 2008).
EFSA has updated its safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171), following a request by the European Commission in March 2020.
The trend in the production of NPs is likely to lead to increasing amounts of nano-powders in the air, water and soil, which will consequently affect living organisms. Labielle et al. demonstrated that 25 % of Al(OH)3-coated TiO2 particles from sunscreens are dispersed as a stable colloid and become available to microorganisms and filter-feeders, while the remaining 75 % are probably incorporated into geogenic sediments, where they could become available to benthic fauna. Solar UV iradiation may penetrate as far as 20 m in the water column and therefore photo-activate the dispersed particles, which may have an adverse effect on various aquatic organisms.
Packaging containing this additive has been shown to decrease ethylene production in fruit, thus delaying the ripening process and prolonging shelf life (4Trusted Source).