- The micro spark plug's journey from conception to realization mirrors the process of innovation itself. It begins with an idea, a spark of creativity that must be carefully nurtured and developed. In the case of the micro spark plug, this meant designing a component small enough to fit within the confines of modern engines yet robust enough to endure the extreme conditions of combustion. Engineers had to consider thermal expansion, electrical resistance, and mechanical stress, among other factors, ensuring every aspect was optimized for efficiency and durability.
Polyacrylate
- Another important aspect of diesel spark plugs is their ability to resist fouling and carbon buildup. Diesel engines produce more soot and carbon deposits than gasoline engines, which can cause traditional spark plugs to foul over time. Diesel spark plugs are designed to resist fouling and carbon buildup, ensuring that they continue to provide a consistent spark even in harsh operating conditions.
Installation techniques must be carefully selected and executed to ensure the seal functions correctly throughout its service life. Each technique addresses specific installation needs and ensures long-term reliablity.
Generally, oil seals vary in materials and types based on the corresponding application. Common materials include:

There is a British Standard laid down for the control of synthetic rubbers. BS 3574 (1989) helps to determine shelf life – for instance, Nitrile (NBR) and Polyacrylic (ACM) are Group ‘B’ rubbers and have a 7-year life, whilst Silicone (VMQ) and Fluoroelastomers (Viton®) are Group ‘C’ rubbers and have a 10-year shelf life. PTFE and Leather do not come into this category but like the others should be kept in the original packing for as long as possible away from direct light, dust, and humidity. Ozone, which can also be produced by battery-driven forklift trucks has a very bad effect on synthetic rubbers. Finally, protect the sealing lip – DO NOT hang the seals on nails, wire etc.
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Choosing the right oil seal
Seals are classified by O.D. wall material, lip type, and whether they have a spring or not.
Major oil seals are specified in ISO 6194-1 and JIS B 2402-1.
Table 2 shows the common types of oil seals, while Table 3 shows the features of each type of oil seal.
Table 4 lists the JTEKT oil seal type codes and corresponding ISO and JIS standards.
Prepare the shaft and prevent damage

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Leather is probably the oldest of the lip materials still in common use, but the move towards mass production methods has seen a massive increase in the development of synthetic rubbers which lend themselves to accurate and repeatable injection and compression moulding. Nitrile (NBR) is still by far the most common elastomer for “normal” use, whilst Viton® (FKM/FPM) is rapidly replacing Polyacrylate (ACM) and Silicone (VMQ) for high-temperature applications. Viton® also has high resistance to abrasion and chemical attack making it a preferred elastomer. Recent developments in the use of PTFE for Rotary shaft seals has caused widespread interest particularly for high-speed shaft rotation or poor lubrication applications.
Table 14.1. Fluoroelastomers Used in Oil Aging5